{"id":57,"date":"2013-02-07T18:19:00","date_gmt":"2013-02-07T18:19:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/pellwallhelp.com\/blog\/2013\/02\/07\/aldehydes-identification-and-storage\/"},"modified":"2024-04-26T13:38:42","modified_gmt":"2024-04-26T12:38:42","slug":"aldehydes-identification-and-storage","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pellwallhelp.com\/blog\/2013\/02\/07\/aldehydes-identification-and-storage\/","title":{"rendered":"Aldehydes: identification and storage"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-family: &quot;verdana&quot; , sans-serif;\">One of the fragrance ingredient groups that many people with a bit of knowledge of fragrance have at least heard of is the Aldehydes. Made famous by their inclusion in Chanel 5 they have been in widespread use in perfumes since the 1920s.<\/span><\/p>\n<div>\n<span style=\"font-family: &quot;verdana&quot; , sans-serif;\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<span style=\"font-family: &quot;verdana&quot; , sans-serif;\">When we talk about aldehydes in the context of perfumery what is usually meant is the group of odorous chemicals more accurately called <b><i><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Saturation_(chemistry)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">saturated<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aliphatic_compound\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">aliphatic<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aldehyde\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">aldehydes<\/a><\/i><\/b>. &nbsp;There are in fact quite a lot of <i>other<\/i> aldehydes routinely used in perfumery including such commonplace materials as <a href=\"https:\/\/pellwall.com\/products\/vanillin\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">vanillin<\/a> (the key component in vanilla) but in this post I&#8217;m focussing on that particular group with the characteristic aroma, described by perfume people as &#8216;<i>aldehydic<\/i>&#8216;.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<div style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\">\n<\/div>\n<table align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f3\/2-Methylundecanal_Structural_Formulae_of_both_Enantiomers.png\/360px-2-Methylundecanal_Structural_Formulae_of_both_Enantiomers.png\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" class=\"broken_link\"><span style=\"font-family: &quot;verdana&quot; , sans-serif;\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" border=\"0\" height=\"193\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f3\/2-Methylundecanal_Structural_Formulae_of_both_Enantiomers.png\/360px-2-Methylundecanal_Structural_Formulae_of_both_Enantiomers.png\" width=\"320\" \/><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: &quot;verdana&quot; , sans-serif;\">The structure of <a href=\"https:\/\/pellwall.com\/products\/aldehyde-c12-mna\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">C12 MNA<\/a> &#8211; one of the key aldehydes used in perfumery<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<span style=\"font-family: &quot;verdana&quot; , sans-serif;\">Besides being olfactorily interesting these materials also have some special characteristics from the perspective of storage and use. &nbsp;All are very powerful and hence tend to be used in very low doses but they can have a very high impact on the scent. &nbsp;Several are found in nature, notably in citrus oils where they contribute to the bright, sparkling, fresh nature of those materials.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<span style=\"font-family: &quot;verdana&quot; , sans-serif;\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<span style=\"font-family: &quot;verdana&quot; , sans-serif;\">Here are some details I put together in response to a question about what exactly they are and how they should be stored and handled:<\/span><\/div>\n<p><b style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\"><span style=\"font-family: &quot;verdana&quot; , sans-serif;\">What are Aliphatic Aldehydes?<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: &quot;verdana&quot; , sans-serif;\"><b style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\">Octyl aldehyde<\/b><span style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\">&nbsp;(AKA&nbsp;<\/span><i style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\">Aldehyde C8<\/i><span style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\">&nbsp;or&nbsp;<\/span><i style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\">octanal<\/i><span style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\">)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: &quot;verdana&quot; , sans-serif;\"><b style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pellwall.com\/shop\/ingredients-for-perfumery\/liquids\/aldehyde-c9-nonanal\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"broken_link\">Nonyl aldehyde<\/a><\/b><span style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\">&nbsp;(AKA&nbsp;<\/span><i style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\">Aldehyde C9<\/i><span style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\">&nbsp;or&nbsp;<\/span><i style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\">nonanal<\/i><span style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\">)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: &quot;verdana&quot; , sans-serif;\"><b style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pellwall.com\/shop\/ingredients-for-perfumery\/liquids\/aldehyde-c10-decanal\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"broken_link\">Decyl aldehyde<\/a><\/b><span style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\">&nbsp;(AKA&nbsp;<\/span><i style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\">Aldehyde C10<\/i><span style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\">&nbsp;or&nbsp;<\/span><i style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\">decanal<\/i><span style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\">)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: &quot;verdana&quot; , sans-serif;\"><b style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pellwall.com\/shop\/ingredients-for-perfumery\/liquids\/aldehyde-c11-enic-hendecenal\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"broken_link\">Undecenyl aldehyde<\/a><\/b><span style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\">&nbsp;(AKA&nbsp;<\/span><i style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\">Aldehyde C11 undecylenic<\/i><span style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\">;<\/span><i style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\">Aldehyde C11 enic<\/i><span style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\">;&nbsp;<\/span><i style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\">hendecenal<\/i><span style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\">&nbsp;or&nbsp;<\/span><i style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\">Aldehyde C111<\/i><span style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\">)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: &quot;verdana&quot; , sans-serif;\"><b style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\">Undecylic aldehyde<\/b><span style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\">&nbsp;(AKA&nbsp;<\/span><i style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\">Aldehyde C11 undecylic<\/i><span style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\">&nbsp;or&nbsp;<\/span><i style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\">undecanal<\/i><span style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\">)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: &quot;verdana&quot; , sans-serif;\"><b style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pellwall.com\/shop\/ingredients-for-perfumery\/liquids\/aldehyde-c12-lauric-10-in-ba\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"broken_link\">Lauric aldehyde<\/a>&nbsp;<\/b><span style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\">(AKA&nbsp;<\/span><i style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\">Aldehyde C12 lauric<\/i><span style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\">&nbsp;or&nbsp;<\/span><i style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\">dodenanal<\/i><span style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\">)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: &quot;verdana&quot; , sans-serif;\"><b style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pellwall.com\/shop\/ingredients-for-perfumery\/liquids\/aldehyde-c12-mna\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"broken_link\">Methyl nonyl acetaldehyde<\/a><\/b><span style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\">&nbsp;(AKA&nbsp;<\/span><i style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\">Aldehyde C12 MNA<\/i><span style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\">&nbsp;or&nbsp;<\/span><i style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\">2-methyl undecanal<\/i><span style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\">)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\"><span style=\"font-family: &quot;verdana&quot; , sans-serif;\">How do you store aliphatic aldehydes?<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<div>\n<span style=\"font-family: &quot;verdana&quot; , sans-serif;\"><span style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\">Aliphatic aldehydes (saturated) are the ones most people mean when they talk about aldehydes in the context of perfume:<\/span><b style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\"><br \/><\/b><\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<span style=\"font-family: &quot;verdana&quot; , sans-serif;\"><span style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\">But notice that the so-called&nbsp;<\/span><b style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\">Aldehyde C14<\/b><span style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\">&nbsp;(AKA&nbsp;<\/span><i style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\">Peach Aldehyde<\/i><span style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\">&nbsp;or&nbsp;<\/span><i style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\">gamma-Undecalactone<\/i><span style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\">),&nbsp;<\/span><b style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\">Aldehyde C16&nbsp;<\/b><span style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\">(<\/span><i style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\">Strawberry glycidate<\/i><span style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\">&nbsp;or lots of alternate names) and <b><a href=\"https:\/\/pellwall.com\/shop\/ingredients-for-perfumery\/liquids\/gamma-nonalactone\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"broken_link\">Aldehyde C18<\/a><\/b> (Coconut Aldehyde or gamma-Nonalactone) are not on the list because they are not in fact aldehydes at all<\/span><span style=\"color: red;\">*<\/span><span style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\">.<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: &quot;verdana&quot; , sans-serif;\"><br style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\" \/><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: &quot;verdana&quot; , sans-serif;\"><span style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\">There are lots of other aldehydes but they don&#8217;t exhibit the same special characteristics for storage purposes as the saturated aliphatic aldehydes &#8211; the ones listed above are the main ones used in perfumery, though there are a few others used by some manufacturers as captives<\/span><span style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: lime;\">*<\/span><span style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\">.<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: &quot;verdana&quot; , sans-serif;\"><span style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\">All the saturated aliphatic aldehydes are best diluted in a&nbsp;<\/span><i style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Primary_alcohol\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">primary alcohol<\/a><\/i><b style=\"background-color: #fafafa;\"><span style=\"color: blue;\">*<\/span><\/b><span style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\">&nbsp;as soon as you get them &#8211; in alcohols they form <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hemiacetal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hemi-acetals<\/a> which smell like the aldehyde they are formed from but are much more stable (in solution). Personally I like to keep my aldehydes at 1% for blending purposes but for storage 10% is more practical as it keeps the volume you have to store more manageable.<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: &quot;verdana&quot; , sans-serif;\"><br style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\" \/><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: &quot;verdana&quot; , sans-serif;\"><span style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\">If you keep them neat they tend, over time, to either oxidise into the corresponding acids, which smell nasty; or polymerise into <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trimer_(chemistry)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">trimers<\/a>, which have no smell at all. The presence of any acid (including oxidation products) will accelerate the trimer production significantly. The really counterintuitive point is that trimers continue to form at very low temperatures and seem to form faster, so&nbsp;<\/span><i style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\">you should keep your aliphatic aldehydes at room temperature <\/i><span style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\">until you&#8217;ve diluted them in alcohol<\/span><i style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\">.<\/i><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: &quot;verdana&quot; , sans-serif;\"><br style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\" \/><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333; font-family: &quot;verdana&quot; , sans-serif;\">You&#8217;ll know if your aldehydes have trimerised because, besides smelling less strong than they should, they will have become thicker &amp; will eventually be solid at room temperature as the trimer has a much higher melting point.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: &quot;verdana&quot; , sans-serif;\"><br style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\" \/><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333; font-family: &quot;verdana&quot; , sans-serif;\">Adding <a href=\"https:\/\/pellwall.com\/products\/bht-anti-oxidant\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">BHT<\/a> or other anti-oxidant can help with both problems, though won&#8217;t eliminate them completely. There is also some evidence that they keep better in aluminium than in glass.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333; font-family: &quot;verdana&quot; , sans-serif;\"><br \/><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #333333; font-family: &quot;verdana&quot; , sans-serif;\"><span style=\"background-color: #fafafa;\">At Pell Wall we\u2019ve found in practice that by far the worst&nbsp;culprit for trimer formation is <a href=\"https:\/\/pellwall.com\/shop\/ingredients-for-perfumery\/liquids\/aldehyde-c12-lauric-10\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"broken_link\">Aldehyde C12 Lauric<\/a>. &nbsp;It\u2019s so bad that we don\u2019t sell the undiluted material at all: as soon as fresh stock arrives we dilute it to 10% in ethanol and benzyl alcohol and sell it in that form so that it remains in good condition.<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: &quot;verdana&quot; , sans-serif;\"><br \/><\/span><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h4>\nFootnotes<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: &quot;arial&quot; , &quot;helvetica&quot; , sans-serif;\"><span style=\"color: red;\">*<\/span> these materials came to be called Aldehydes because when they were first discovered the manufacturer wanted to conceal their chemical identity and so deliberately mis-named them to confuse those who might want to copy the new molecules. &nbsp;It helped that they had a comparable power to the true aliphatic aldehydes. &nbsp;In many quarters the names have stuck and they are still widely referenced and sold as aldehyde C14, aldehyde C16 and aldehyde C18.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: &quot;arial&quot; , &quot;helvetica&quot; , sans-serif;\"><br \/>\n<span style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: lime;\">*<\/span><span style=\"background-color: #fafafa;\">&nbsp;a captive is a molecule that is either patented by or kept secret by a manufacturer for use only in their own fragrances.<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: &quot;arial&quot; , &quot;helvetica&quot; , sans-serif;\"><span style=\"background-color: #fafafa;\"><br \/><\/span><br \/>\n<b style=\"background-color: #fafafa;\"><span style=\"color: blue;\">*<\/span><\/b><span style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\">the obvious primary alcohol to use is&nbsp;ethanol (or <a href=\"https:\/\/pellwall.com\/products\/perfumer-s-alcohol\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Perfumer\u2019s Alcohol<\/a>), since you are probably going to use them in an alcoholic fragrance in the end anyway, but <a href=\"https:\/\/pellwall.com\/products\/pea\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">phenyl ethyl alcohol<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/pellwall.com\/products\/benzyl-alcohol\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">benzyl alcohol<\/a> work too and might be preferable in some applications.<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: &quot;arial&quot; , &quot;helvetica&quot; , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;\"><span style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\"><br \/><\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: &quot;arial&quot; , &quot;helvetica&quot; , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;\"><span style=\"background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333;\"><b>Much of the information in this post is sourced from <a href=\"http:\/\/books.google.co.uk\/books\/about\/Perfumery_and_flavoring_synthetics.html?id=xRRtAAAAMAAJ&amp;redir_esc=y\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Perfume and Flavouring Synthetics<\/a> by Paul Z&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/bedoukian.com\/index.php\/about\/learn-about-bedoukian\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"broken_link\">Bedoukian<\/a><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>One of the fragrance ingredient groups that many people with a bit of knowledge of fragrance have at least heard of is the Aldehydes. Made famous by their inclusion in Chanel 5 they have been in widespread use in perfumes since the 1920s. When we talk about aldehydes in the context of perfumery what is [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[57,21,9,10,8,30],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pellwallhelp.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pellwallhelp.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pellwallhelp.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pellwallhelp.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pellwallhelp.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=57"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/pellwallhelp.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":237,"href":"https:\/\/pellwallhelp.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57\/revisions\/237"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pellwallhelp.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=57"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pellwallhelp.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=57"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pellwallhelp.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=57"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}